Which of the following best describes formative assessment?

Formative assessment is best described as a method for identifying gaps in student knowledge. This type of assessment is conducted throughout the learning process rather than at the end of a unit or course. Its primary purpose is to provide ongoing feedback to both teachers and students about student understanding and progress. By pinpointing specific areas where students may be struggling or excelling, formative assessments allow for timely interventions and adjustments to instruction. This approach facilitates a deeper learning experience and can help inform future teaching strategies to meet the diverse needs of students.

In contrast, other options refer to assessments that serve different purposes, such as summative assessments, which evaluate student learning at the conclusion of an instructional period, or assessments that contribute to final grades without providing interim feedback on learning progress.